Mastitis
What is the most common cause of infectious mastitis in breastfeeding women?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the most common STI in the U.S.?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for osteomyelitis?
Bone biopsy with positive culture
What are the “5 Ps” of neurovascular assessment?
Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
Name two risk factors for developing mastitis in the first 6–8 weeks postpartum.
Poor latch, infrequent feeds, tight bras, stress, fatigue
Name one long-term complication of untreated gonorrhea in women.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy
Name two complications of chronic osteomyelitis.
Pathologic fracture, septicemia, squamous cell carcinoma (rare)
Which complication typically occurs 24–48 hours after a long bone fracture or surgery, presenting with hypoxemia and confusion?
Fat embolism syndrome
Which ABCDE melanoma characteristic refers to uneven coloring?
Color variation
Which diagnostic test is used in recurrent mastitis to guide treatment?
Milk culture
What is the first-line drug therapy for gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone IM
What is the priority intervention for acute osteomyelitis?
Immobilize affected limb to reduce pain & prevent spread
What is the priority action if compartment syndrome is suspected?
Perform neurovascular assessment (5 Ps) immediately
Which antibiotic is strongly associated with photosensitivity, requiring patient education on sun protection?
Doxycycline
Differentiate infectious vs. non-infectious mastitis.
Infectious = bacterial entry with fever & inflammation; Non-infectious = blocked ducts/engorgement without infection
Which stage of syphilis is associated with a non-pruritic rash on the palms and soles?
Secondary syphilis
Which type of bone cancer is most common in children and adolescents?
Osteosarcoma
Why must patients with mandibular fractures keep wire cutters at the bedside?
To prevent airway obstruction in case of vomiting or respiratory distress
A lesion with irregular border, multiple colors, and rapid growth is suspected melanoma. What is the priority action?
Prepare for excisional biopsy
A postpartum patient presents with breast redness, tenderness, fever, and reports breastfeeding only every 6–8 hours. What is the priority nursing intervention and why?
Encourage more frequent breastfeeding to reduce milk stasis and infection risk
A patient with newly diagnosed genital herpes states: “If I take antivirals daily, I cannot transmit herpes.” Why does this require further teaching?
Daily antivirals reduce but do not eliminate transmission risk
A patient with metastatic bone cancer has severe pain unrelieved by opioids. What is the nurse’s priority action and why?
Notify the provider for modification of the pain management plan, as uncontrolled cancer pain requires escalation
A patient with a pelvic fracture develops abdominal distension and hematuria. What is the nurse’s priority and why?
Monitor and report immediately for possible life-threatening internal bleeding or bladder injury
A patient with prior squamous cell carcinoma and chronic sun exposure asks if they can stop routine skin checks. What is the correct teaching point?
They remain at risk for recurrence and must continue regular skin checks and sun protection