What is a Reed Sternberg cell?

This type of cell, when seen under the microscope, is pathognomonic for Hodgkin's lymphoma

What is ventricular septal defect (VSD)? BONUS 50: Name two other possible defects

The most common type of acyanotic left to right shunt

What is emphysema?

These patients are classically described as "pink puffers". Name the disease they have.

What are: beta blockers (class II), verapamil and diltiazem (class IV)?

These classes of drugs are Sino Atrial (SA) node blockers.

What are oxytocin and vasopressin?

These hormones are made in the hypothalamus and transported to the neurohypophysis.

What is translocation (8;14)? Bonus 50: what does the numbers 8 and 14 mean?

This cytogenetic translocation is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma.

What is Tetrology of Fallot?

The most common cyanotic congenital heart disease

What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

At this lung volume, the tendency of the chest wall to expand is equal to the tendency of the alveoli in the lungs to collapse.

What are factors 2, 7, 9, 10, protein C and S?

Coumadin affects these coagulation factors.

What is a prolactinoma? Bonus 50: What must the level of prolactin be in order to suspect a prolactinoma?

This tumor, when present, can cause impotence, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, osteomalacia or osteopenia, and female virilization. Sometimes, vision problems abound.

What are CD 1-8?

Name the Cluster of Differentiation (CD) associated with T-cell lymphomas

What is Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL)?

Most common leukemia age >60 years

What is the Epworth Sleepiness Scale? Bonus 300: What score is worrisome for excessive daytime sleepiness, prompting further investigation?

This scale measures the amount of daytime sleepiness and should be used in patients who complain about snoring and/or dyspnea.

What are: 1) Foramen ovalis 2) Ductus arteriosus?

Name the 2 fetal cardiac-pulmonary shunts that occur in utero.

What is extra adrenal pheochromocytoma?

This can occur in the organs of Zuckerkandl. Most often, patients complain of palpitations, headche, paresthesias, blurry vision.

What is Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Auer rods, azurophillic granules, peroxidase positive, translocation (15;17)

What is osteomalacia (due to hypocalcemia), osteoporosis, and osteitis firbosa cystica (secondary hyperparathyroidism from hypocalcemia)?

Most common bone findings in chronic renal failure/insufficiency

What are: 1) decreased FiO2 2) alveolar hypoventilation 3) diffusion defect 4) V/Q mismatch 5) Shunt

Name the 5 mechanisms of hypoxemia

What is aortic dissection? Bonus 400: Name the types and treatment.

This describes the medical condition: intimal tear extending to the media, where a hematoma forms, creating a false lumen. Sometimes seen as a "double barrel" on scans.

What is a thyroid storm Bonus 400: Describe the treatment of this disease.

This disease, in its extreme form, can present with high fever, dehydration, cardiac arrythmias, high output cardiac failure, and come with a 25% mortality rate.

What is Richter's Syndrome? Bonus 500: Name the two more aggressive cancers it can transform into.

This lymphoma is associated with smudge cells and when it transforms into a more aggressive lymphoid cancer, is known by this syndrome

What is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? Bonus 500: Name the other type of tumor also associated with AFP production

Most common cancers associated with the secretion of alpha fetal protein (AFP)

What is a fixed extrathoracic, upper airway obstruction? Bonus 500: Name all the other loops

(Picture) Name the type of disease associated with flow-volume loop D

What is complete heart block?

(Picture) Name this rythm in a 47-yr-old female who is asymptomatic with the following ECG finding reportedly since birth.

What is apathetic hyperthyroidism?

Elderly woman who presents with atrial fibrillation and intractable congestive heart failure