Interaction of Heredity & Environment
What is the study of how genes and environment influence behavior?
Behavioral genetics.
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What is the basic building block of the nervous system?
Neuron
What part of the brain is responsible for higher-order functions like reasoning and planning?
Prefrontal cortex
What type of brain waves are typically associated with deep sleep?
Delta waves
What term describes the influence of genetic inheritance on behavior?
Nature
What part of the nervous system controls voluntary movements?
Somatic Nervous System.
What part of the neuron receives incoming signals?
Dendrites
Which brain structure is crucial for memory formation?
Hippocampus
What is the body's internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
Circadian rhythm
What term is used to describe the environmental factors that influence behavior?
Nurture
What part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion?
Autonomic Nervous System.
What is the process called when a neuron fires and sends a signal down its axon?
Action potential
What part of the brain regulates vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing?
Medulla
What is the process by which sensory receptors convert physical energy into neural signals?
Transduction
What term describes the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences, environmental influences, and learning?
Brain plasticity
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems.
What is the gap between two neurons called where neurotransmitters are released?
Synapse
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
What is the minimum level of stimulus intensity needed to detect a stimulus?
Absolute threshold
What is the field of study that examines the changes in gene expression caused by environmental influences?
Epigenetics
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Sympathetic Nervous System.
What chemical substances transmit signals across the synapse?
Neurotransmitters
What is the name of the brain's outer layer involved in complex mental processes?
Cerebral cortex
What term describes the diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus?
Sensory adaptation